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EUFOR
(Operation Althea)
The EU launched Operation Althea in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) -
in December 2004. This follows the decision by NATO to conclude its
SFOR mission.
The EU deployed a large force of 6,300 personnel to ensure continued
compliance with the Dayton/Paris Agreement and to contribute to a
safe and secure environment in BiH.
The key objectives of Operation Althea are to provide deterrence and
continued compliance with the responsibility to fulfil the role
specified in Annexes 1A and 2 of the Dayton/Paris Agreement (General
Framework Agreement for Peace in BiH) and to contribute to a safe
and secure environment in BiH, in line with its mandate, and to
achieve core tasks in the Stabilisation and Association Process
(SAP).
The headquarters of EUFOR is in Sarajevo and in mid 2010 the
personnel strength for Operation Althea was in the region of 1,600.
Operation Althea has been authorised by the United Nations Security
Council Resolution 1575.
EURONAVFOR (Operation Atalanta)
In December 2008, the EU established operation ATALANTA to protect
World Food Programme and other vulnerable shipping transiting
through the Gulf of Aden. The UK has provided the Operation
Commander and Operation Headquarters at Northwood since its
inception and will continue to do so until the end of the mandate,
which has recently been extended to December 2012.
EURONAVFOR currently includes warships, support vessels, and the
delivery of shipping advice and reassurance from Belgium, Denmark,
France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands and Spain. Maritime Patrol
aircraft are provided by Portugal, Spain, Germany, France
Personnel strength is in the region of 1,290.
EUTM (Somalia)
During January 2010, the EU established a training mission for
Somali security forces which commenced during early May. Training
actually takes place in Uganda and EUTM has a personnel strength of
around 130.
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Current EU Civilian Missions (2010) |
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Mission |
Area |
Role |
Established |
Personnel |
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EUPM |
Bosnia |
Police Support |
2003 |
281 |
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EULEX |
Kosovo |
Rule of Law |
2008 |
2,768 |
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EU SSR |
Guinea Bissau |
Security Reform |
2008 |
16 |
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EUSEC |
Congo |
Security Reform |
2005 |
46 |
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EUROPOL RD |
Congo |
Police Reform |
2007 |
51 |
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EUROPOL COPPS |
Palestinian Territories |
Police Support |
2006 |
96 |
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EUBAM Rafah |
Palestinian Territories |
Border Assistance |
2005 |
23 |
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EUBAM |
Moldova and Ukraine |
Border Assistance |
2006 |
200 |
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EUBAM |
Georgia |
Border Assistance |
2008 |
401 |
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EUPOL |
Afghanistan |
Police Support |
2007 |
452 |
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EUJUST LEX |
Iraq/Baghdad |
Legal Training |
2005 |
39 |
EU RELATIONSHIP WITH NATO
In a joint declaration by both the
EU and NATO during 2002, a previously slightly confused
relationship was clarified under a number of major headings that
included partnership, mutual cooperation and consultation,
equality and due regard for the autonomy of both the EU and
NATO, plus reinforcing and developing the military capability of
both organisations.
The ‘Berlin Plus Agreement’ of March 2003 allows the EU to use
NATO structures to support military operations that do not fall
within the remit of NATO responsibilities. In addition, there is
considerable exchange of information between both organisations
and they are EU/NATO liaison cells situated in the headquarters
of both organisations.
Because in many cases nations that are members of the EU are
also members of NATO, the same forces are often assigned to both
EU and NATO missions. It is therefore likely that the EU will
only act if NATO first decides that it will not do so.
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