The Kaliningrad K-8 (R-8) (NATO reporting name AA-3 'Anab') is a medium-range air-to-air missile that was developed by the Soviet Union for interceptor aircraft use.

The K-8's development began in 1955, known as R-8 in service.

Like most Soviet air-to-air missiles, it was made with a choice of semi-active radar homing or infrared seeker heads. The original missile was compatible with the Uragan-5B radar.

It was upgraded to R-8M standard in 1961, giving the SARH weapon the capability for head-on intercepts. In 1963 it was further upgraded to the R-8M1, making it compatible with the RP-11 Oriol-D radar of the Sukhoi Su-11 and Sukhoi Su-15 and Yakovlev Yak-28P.

Subsequent development led in 1965 to R-8M2, with longer range and improved seekers, compatible with the upgraded RP-11 Oriol-M radar. The final variant, introduced from 1973, was the R-98M1 with better countermeasures resistance and longer range, matched to the Taifun-M radar of the Su-15TM and Yak-28PM interceptors.